FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
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| Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Fair value ("FV") is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches and establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used, when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions other market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:
Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these instruments does not entail a significant degree of judgment.
Level 2 — Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The fair values of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities, and long-term debt are estimated to be approximately equivalent to carrying amounts as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and have been excluded from the table below.
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 are set forth below:
Short-term investment— On September 1, 2022, the Company received 2.6 million common shares of STEP Energy Services (USA) Ltd. ("STEP") with an estimated fair value of $11.8 million as part of the consideration for the sale of our coiled tubing assets to STEP. The shares were treated as an investment in equity securities measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs based on observable prices on the Toronto Stock Exchange and are shown under current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the short-term investment was estimated at $10.3 million, and the unrealized loss resulting from the fluctuation in stock price was $1.6 million. Included in the unrealized loss was a loss of $0.3 million resulting from non-cash foreign currency translation. The unrealized losses resulting from stock price fluctuation and foreign currency translation are included in other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These items are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but may be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets and liabilities include those acquired through the Silvertip Acquisition, which are required to be measured at fair value on the acquisition date according to ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (see Note 4. Silvertip Acquisition).
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded impairment expense of approximately $57.5 million in connection with our DuraStim® hydraulic fracturing pumps that did not meet the manufacturer's specifications or our expectations. There was no impairment of assets during the year ended December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded property and equipment impairment loss of approximately $28.6 million in connection with the depressed utilization of our completions (pressure pumping) and drilling assets.
On September 21, 2022, the Company received equipment inventory from the manufacturer of DuraStim® hydraulic fracturing equipment in connection with its settlement of warranty claims for the DuraStim® hydraulic fracturing equipment acquired from the manufacturer. The fair value of this equipment inventory received from the manufacturer was estimated to be $2.7 million. The estimated fair value was determined using the cost approach, which represents a Level 3 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. Our fair value estimate required us to use significant unobservable inputs, including a third party valuation and assumptions related to replacement cost, among others. Accordingly, we recorded non-cash income of $2.7 million, which is presented within other income (expense) in our consolidated statements of operations, and the equipment inventory received included as part of our property and equipment in our consolidated balance sheets.
We generally apply fair value techniques to our reporting units on a nonrecurring basis associated with valuing potential impairment loss related to goodwill, if any. Our estimate of the reporting unit fair value is based on a combination of income and market approaches, Level 1 and 3, respectively, in the fair value hierarchy. The income approach involves the use of a discounted cash flow method, with the cash flow projections discounted at an appropriate discount rate. The market approach involves the use of comparable public companies’ market multiples in estimating the fair value. Significant assumptions include projected revenue growth, capital expenditures, utilization, gross margins, discount rates, terminal growth rates, and weight allocation between income and market approaches. If the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, we consider goodwill impaired, and the impairment loss is calculated and recorded in the period. We added $23.6 million of goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2022 (see Note 4. Silvertip Acquisition). There were no additions to goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. There were no write-offs of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. We conducted our annual impairment test of goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and determined that no impairment to the carrying value of goodwill for our reporting unit (wireline operating segment) was required. There were no goodwill impairment losses during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. In the first quarter of 2020, the depressed crude oil prices and crude oil storage challenges faced in the U.S. oil and gas industry triggered the Company to perform an interim goodwill impairment test, and as a result, we compared the carrying value of the goodwill in our hydraulic fracturing reporting unit with the estimated fair value. Our interim impairment test also considered other relevant factors, including market capitalization and market participants’ view of the oil and gas industry in reaching our conclusion that the carrying value of our goodwill in our Completion Services reportable segment of $9.4 million was fully impaired during the first quarter of 2020. Accordingly, we recorded a goodwill impairment expense of $9.4 million in March 2020.
The wireline operating segment is the only segment which has goodwill at December 31, 2022. The table below sets forth the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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